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构建基于OpenStack的私有云解决方案 随着云计算的发展，企业面临着越来越多的需求，其中一个重要的需求是搭建私有云来支持企业内部的应用和服务。OpenStack是一个开源的云计算平台，具有高度可扩展性和灵活性，它能够提供强大的计算、存储和网络功能。本篇文章将介绍如何构建基于OpenStack的私有云解决方案。 1. 架构设计 OpenStack的架构非常复杂，一般会将其分为三个层面，分别是控制节点、计算节点和存储节点。其中，控制节点负责管理整个OpenStack环境，计算节点负责提供计算资源，存储节点负责提供存储资源。 2. 环境搭建 2.1 安装操作系统 OpenStack支持多种操作系统，包括CentOS、Ubuntu等，此处以CentOS为例。 2.2 安装MySQL MySQL是OpenStack的数据库，需要通过以下命令安装： ``` $sudo yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server python2-PyMySQL $sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service $sudo systemctl start mariadb.service $sudo mysql_secure_installation ``` 2.3 安装RabbitMQ RabbitMQ是OpenStack的消息队列，需要通过以下命令安装： ``` $sudo yum install -y rabbitmq-server $sudo systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service $sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service $sudo rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS $sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*" ``` 2.4 安装Keystone Keystone是OpenStack的身份认证服务，需要通过以下命令安装： ``` $sudo yum install -y openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi $sudo systemctl enable httpd.service $sudo systemctl start httpd.service $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf \ include /usr/share/openstack-dashboard/openstack_dashboard/wsgi/django.wsgi $sudo systemctl restart httpd.service ``` 2.5 安装Glance Glance是OpenStack的镜像服务，需要通过以下命令安装： ``` $sudo yum install -y openstack-glance ``` 2.6 安装Nova Nova是OpenStack的计算服务，需要通过以下命令安装： ``` $sudo yum install -y openstack-nova-compute ``` 2.7 安装Neutron Neutron是OpenStack的网络服务，需要通过以下命令安装： ``` $sudo yum install -y openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables ipset ``` 2.8 安装Cinder Cinder是OpenStack的块存储服务，需要通过以下命令安装： ``` $sudo yum install -y openstack-cinder targetcli python-keystone ``` 3. 配置OpenStack 3.1 配置Keystone Keystone是OpenStack的身份认证服务，需要进行以下配置： ``` $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf token provider fernet $sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone $sudo keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password ADMIN_PASS \ --bootstrap-admin-url http://controller:35357/v3/ \ --bootstrap-internal-url http://controller:35357/v3/ \ --bootstrap-public-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \ --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne ``` 3.2 配置Glance Glance是OpenStack的镜像服务，需要进行以下配置： ``` $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken username glance $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken password GLANCE_PASS $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken username glance $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken password GLANCE_PASS $sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance ``` 3.3 配置Nova Nova是OpenStack的计算服务，需要进行以下配置： ``` $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf api auth_strategy keystone $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken username nova $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken password NOVA_PASS $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc vncserver_listen $my_ip $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc vncserver_proxyclient_address $my_ip $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf glance api_servers http://controller:9292 $sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova $sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova ``` 3.4 配置Neutron Neutron是OpenStack的网络服务，需要进行以下配置： ``` $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@controller/neutron $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT core_plugin ml2 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT service_plugins router $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT allow_overlapping_ips True $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT dhcp_agent_notification True $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken username neutron $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken password NEUTRON_PASS $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 type_drivers flat,vlan,vxlan $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 tenant_network_types vxlan $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 mechanism_drivers openvswitch,l2population $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 extension_drivers port_security $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_flat flat_networks provider $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_vxlan vni_ranges 1:1000 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/openvswitch_agent.ini ovs local_ip $my_ip $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/openvswitch_agent.ini ovs bridge_mappings provider:br-provider $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vif_plugging_is_fatal False $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vif_plugging_timeout 0 $sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron ``` 3.5 配置Cinder Cinder是OpenStack的块存储服务，需要进行以下配置： ``` $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211 $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken username cinder $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken password CINDER_PASS $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend rabbit $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_host controller $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_userid openstack $sudo openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_password RABBIT_PASS $sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "cinder-manage db sync" cinder ``` 4. 部署OpenStack服务 完成以上配置之后，需要启动各个服务，以控制节点为例，需要启动以下服务： ``` $sudo systemctl enable openstack-keystone.service $sudo systemctl start openstack-keystone.service $sudo systemctl enable openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service $sudo systemctl start openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service $sudo systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service $sudo systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service $sudo systemctl enable neutron-server.service $sudo systemctl start neutron-server.service $sudo systemctl enable openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service $sudo systemctl start openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service ``` 现在，基于OpenStack的私有云解决方案已经搭建完成，可以开始部署自己的应用和服务了。
