如今，随着云计算技术的不断发展，越来越多的企业和个人开始把自己的业务和数据迁移到云平台上。但是，鉴于公有云的安全性和可控性仍然存在一些疑虑，很多人开始考虑搭建自己的私有云。在这里，我们将介绍如何从零开始搭建自己的私有云，具体地讲，我们会介绍OpenStack的安装和配置。

OpenStack是一款开源的云计算平台，它支持众多的虚拟化技术和存储技术，并提供了丰富的API接口，可以方便地进行扩展和集成。为了搭建自己的私有云，我们需要一台服务器，至少16GB的内存和500GB以上的硬盘空间，同时需要安装Ubuntu Server操作系统。

第一步：准备工作

在开始搭建之前，我们需要准备一些必要的工具和环境。首先，我们需要更新系统的软件源，并安装Python和pip工具，执行以下命令：

```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get install python-pip -y
```

为了避免由于网络问题导致的安装失败或者慢速下载，我们可以将Ubuntu系统的软件源替换为国内的阿里云源，执行以下命令：

```
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository cloud-archive:mitaka
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-cloud-keyring python-setuptools python-pymysql apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi memcached rabbitmq-server mysql-server python-mysqldb ntp -y
sudo apt-get install libvirt-bin qemu-kvm -y
sudo apt-get install python-openstackclient -y
```

第二步：安装和配置OpenStack

在安装和配置OpenStack之前，我们需要简单了解一下OpenStack包含哪些组件，这些组件分别是：

- Nova：计算节点
- Glance：镜像服务
- Cinder：块存储服务
- Neutron：网络服务
- Keystone：认证服务
- Horizon：Web界面

在安装和配置每个组件之前，我们需要先安装和配置Keystone，因为其他组件都需要Keystone的认证服务。执行以下命令：

```
sudo apt-get install keystone -y
```

在安装完成后，我们需要配置Keystone。首先，我们需要在/etc/keystone/keystone.conf文件中设置数据库连接信息，并执行以下命令：

```
sudo cp /etc/keystone/keystone.conf /etc/keystone/keystone.conf.bak
sudo sed -i "s/^\#connection.*$/connection = mysql+pymysql:\/\/keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller\/keystone/" /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#provider.*$/provider = fernet/" /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
```

接着，我们需要创建数据库，并初始化数据：

```
sudo mysql -u root -p
mysql> CREATE DATABASE keystone;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
source /root/admin-openrc
keystone-manage db_sync
keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password ADMIN_PASS --bootstrap-admin-url http://controller:35357/v3/ --bootstrap-internal-url http://controller:5000/v3/ --bootstrap-public-url http://controller:5000/v3/ --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne
```

在配置完成Keystone之后，我们可以安装和配置其他的组件了。

- Nova: 计算节点

```
sudo apt-get install nova-api nova-conductor nova-consoleauth nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler -y
sudo cp /etc/nova/nova.conf /etc/nova/nova.conf.bak
sudo sed -i "s/^\#connection.*$/connection = mysql+pymysql:\/\/nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller\/nova/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_uri.*$/auth_uri = http:\/\/controller:5000\/v3/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_url.*$/auth_url = http:\/\/controller:35357\/v3/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#memcached_servers.*$/memcached_servers = controller:11211/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_type.*$/auth_type = password/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#project_domain_name.*$/project_domain_name = Default/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#user_domain_name.*$/user_domain_name = Default/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#project_name.*$/project_name = service/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#username.*$/username = nova/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#password.*$/password = NOVA_PASS/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#my_ip.*$/my_ip = 192.168.1.100/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#vncserver_listen.*$/vncserver_listen = 0.0.0.0/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#vncserver_proxyclient_address.*$/vncserver_proxyclient_address = 192.168.1.100/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#glance_api_servers.*$/glance_api_servers = http:\/\/controller:9292/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#enabled_apis.*$/enabled_apis = osapi_compute,metadata/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#enable_v3_api.*$/enable_v3_api = true/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#transport_url.*$/transport_url = rabbit:\/\/openstack:NOVA_RABBIT_PASS@controller/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_strategy.*$/auth_strategy = keystone/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#use_neutron.*$/use_neutron = true/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#firewall_driver.*$/firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#allow_resize_to_same_host.*$/allow_resize_to_same_host = true/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#scheduler_default_filters.*$/scheduler_default_filters = RetryFilter,AvailabilityZoneFilter,RamFilter,ComputeFilter,ComputeCapabilitiesFilter,ImagePropertiesFilter,ServerGroupAntiAffinityFilter,ServerGroupAffinityFilter/" /etc/nova/nova.conf
nova-manage api_db sync
nova-manage cell_v2 map_cell0
nova-manage cell_v2 create_cell --name=cell1 --verbose
nova-manage db sync
sudo service nova-api restart
sudo service nova-consoleauth restart
sudo service nova-scheduler restart
sudo service nova-conductor restart
sudo service nova-novncproxy restart
```

- Glance: 镜像服务

```
sudo apt-get install glance -y
sudo cp /etc/glance/glance-api.conf /etc/glance/glance-api.conf.bak
sudo sed -i "s/^\#connection.*$/connection = mysql+pymysql:\/\/glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller\/glance/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#backend.*$/backend = file/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_uri.*$/auth_uri = http:\/\/controller:5000\/v3/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_url.*$/auth_url = http:\/\/controller:35357\/v3/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#memcached_servers.*$/memcached_servers = controller:11211/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_type.*$/auth_type = password/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#project_domain_name.*$/project_domain_name = Default/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#user_domain_name.*$/user_domain_name = Default/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#project_name.*$/project_name = service/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#username.*$/username = glance/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#password.*$/password = GLANCE_PASS/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#delayed_delete.*$/delayed_delete = True/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#scrubber_datadir.*$/scrubber_datadir = \/var\/lib\/glance\/scrubber/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#enable_v1_api.*$/enable_v1_api = false/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#enable_v2_api.*$/enable_v2_api = true/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#enable_v1_registry.*$/enable_v1_registry = false/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#enable_v2_registry.*$/enable_v2_registry = true/" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
sudo cp /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf.bak
sudo sed -i "s/^\#connection.*$/connection = mysql+pymysql:\/\/glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller\/glance/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_uri.*$/auth_uri = http:\/\/controller:5000\/v3/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_url.*$/auth_url = http:\/\/controller:35357\/v3/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#memcached_servers.*$/memcached_servers = controller:11211/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_type.*$/auth_type = password/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#project_domain_name.*$/project_domain_name = Default/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#user_domain_name.*$/user_domain_name = Default/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#project_name.*$/project_name = service/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#username.*$/username = glance/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#password.*$/password = GLANCE_PASS/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#delayed_delete.*$/delayed_delete = True/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#scrubber_datadir.*$/scrubber_datadir = \/var\/lib\/glance\/scrubber/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#enable_v1_api.*$/enable_v1_api = false/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#enable_v2_api.*$/enable_v2_api = true/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#enable_v1_registry.*$/enable_v1_registry = false/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#enable_v2_registry.*$/enable_v2_registry = true/" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
sudo service glance-registry restart
sudo service glance-api restart
glance-manage db_sync
```

- Cinder: 块存储服务

```
sudo apt-get install cinder-api cinder-scheduler python-cinderclient -y
sudo cp /etc/cinder/cinder.conf /etc/cinder/cinder.conf.bak
sudo sed -i "s/^\#connection.*$/connection = mysql+pymysql:\/\/cinder:CINDER_DB_PASS@controller\/cinder/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_uri.*$/auth_uri = http:\/\/controller:5000\/v3/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_url.*$/auth_url = http:\/\/controller:35357\/v3/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#oam_messaging.*$/oam_messaging = rabbit/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#oam_notifications.*$/oam_notifications = True/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#memcached_servers.*$/memcached_servers = controller:11211/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#auth_type.*$/auth_type = password/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#project_domain_name.*$/project_domain_name = Default/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#user_domain_name.*$/user_domain_name = Default/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#project_name.*$/project_name = service/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#username.*$/username = cinder/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#password.*$/password = CINDER_PASS/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#my_ip.*$/my_ip = 192.168.1.100/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#enabled_backends.*$/enabled_backends = lvm/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#volume_driver.*$/volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMVolumeDriver/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i "s/^\#volume_group.*$/volume_group = cinder-volumes/" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
sudo sed -i