如今,在互联网时代,私有云正在成为企业和组织管理IT资源的首选方式。为了建立一个高效和方便的私有云环境, OpenStack成了首选之一。OpenStack是一个开源的云计算平台,它可以在大规模的服务器上快速组建出云服务。在这篇文章中,我会向大家详细介绍如何使用OpenStack部署私有云。 第一步:准备工作 在部署OpenStack之前,需要先准备好相关的环境。你需要一台能够连接到互联网的服务器,至少需要4个物理核心和16GB以上的内存。 此外,你还需要安装Ubuntu16.04系统,同时确保你的服务器上已经配置好了SSH服务和Python。 第二步:安装OpenStack 在进行OpenStack的安装之前,建议你对云计算平台的各个组件有一定的了解,包括Nova、Keystone、Glance、Neutron和Horizon。这可以帮助你更好地理解和掌握OpenStack的使用方法。 接下来,我们就要开始安装OpenStack。首先,我们需要为系统添加OpenStack源: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install software-properties-common sudo add-apt-repository cloud-archive:pike 然后,我们需要安装OpenStack的包: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade sudo apt-get install python-openstackclient 安装完成后,我们需要为OpenStack创建一个管理员账户。管理员账户将用于管理OpenStack中的所有用户和服务: export OS_USERNAME=admin export OS_PASSWORD=your_admin_password export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3 export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 接下来,我们需要为OpenStack创建一个数据库: sudo apt-get install mariadb-server python-pymysql sudo systemctl enable mysql.service sudo systemctl start mysql.service sudo mysql_secure_installation 创建完成后,我们需要安装RabbitMQ: sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server sudo rabbitmqctl add_user openstack your_password sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*" 接下来,我们需要安装Keystone: sudo apt-get install keystone 创建Keystone的数据库: mysql -u root -p CREATE DATABASE keystone; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; 创建Keystone的身份验证令牌: export OS_TOKEN=your_token export OS_URL=http://controller:35357/v3 export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 创建完成后,我们需要为Keystone创建一个服务账户: openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt \ your_service_username openstack role add --project service --user your_service_username \ admin 创建完成后,我们需要为Keystone创建一个服务API端点: openstack service create --name keystone \ --description "OpenStack Identity" identity openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ identity public http://controller:5000/v3 openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ identity internal http://controller:5000/v3 openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ identity admin http://controller:35357/v3 第三步:安装Nova 接下来,我们需要安装Nova。Nova是OpenStack的计算组件,用于管理虚拟机和计算资源。 首先,我们需要安装Nova的包: sudo apt-get install nova-api nova-conductor nova-consoleauth \ nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler nova-placement-api 然后,我们需要为Nova创建一个数据库: mysql -u root -p CREATE DATABASE nova_api; CREATE DATABASE nova; CREATE DATABASE nova_cell0; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_cell0.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_cell0.* TO 'nova'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; 接下来,我们需要配置Nova的服务端口: sudo vi /etc/nova/nova.conf [DEFAULT] ... enabled_apis = osapi_compute,metadata transport_url = rabbit://openstack:your_password@controller ... [api_database] ... [database] ... [api] ... [keystone_authtoken] ... [glance] ... [oslo_concurrency] ... 然后,我们需要创建Nova的身份验证令牌: export OS_USERNAME=nova export OS_PASSWORD=your_password export OS_PROJECT_NAME=service export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3 export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 接下来,我们需要建立Nova的API端点: openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt nova openstack role add --project service --user nova admin openstack service create --name nova \ --description "OpenStack Compute" compute openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ compute public http://controller:8774/v2.1 openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ compute internal http://controller:8774/v2.1 openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ compute admin http://controller:8774/v2.1 openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt \ placement openstack role add --project service --user placement admin openstack service create --name placement \ --description "Placement API" placement openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ placement public http://controller:8778 openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ placement internal http://controller:8778 openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ placement admin http://controller:8778 第四步:安装Glance Glance是一个镜像服务,用于管理系统和数据盘镜像。 首先,我们需要安装Glance的包: sudo apt-get install glance 然后,我们需要为Glance创建一个数据库: mysql -u root -p CREATE DATABASE glance; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; 接下来,我们需要配置Glance的服务端口: sudo vi /etc/glance/glance-api.conf [database] ... [keystone_authtoken] ... [glance_store] ... 然后,我们需要为Glance创建身份验证令牌: export OS_USERNAME=glance export OS_PASSWORD=your_password export OS_PROJECT_NAME=service export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3 export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 接下来,我们需要为Glance创建API端点: openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glance openstack role add --project service --user glance admin openstack service create --name glance \ --description "OpenStack Image" image openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ image public http://controller:9292 openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ image internal http://controller:9292 openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ image admin http://controller:9292 第五步:安装Neutron Neutron是OpenStack的网络组件,用于管理虚拟网络和路由器。 首先,我们需要安装Neutron的包: sudo apt-get install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 \ neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-l3-agent neutron-dhcp-agent \ neutron-metadata-agent 然后,我们需要为Neutron创建一个数据库: mysql -u root -p CREATE DATABASE neutron; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'localhost' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; 接下来,我们需要配置Neutron的服务端口: sudo vi /etc/neutron/neutron.conf [database] ... [DEFAULT] ... core_plugin = ml2 service_plugins = ... auth_strategy = keystone ... [keystone_authtoken] ... [oslo_concurrency] ... 然后,我们需要为Neutron创建身份验证令牌: export OS_USERNAME=neutron export OS_PASSWORD=your_password export OS_PROJECT_NAME=service export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3 export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 接下来,我们需要为Neutron创建API端点: openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt neutron openstack role add --project service --user neutron admin openstack service create --name neutron \ --description "OpenStack Networking" network openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ network public http://controller:9696 openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ network internal http://controller:9696 openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ network admin http://controller:9696 第六步:安装Horizon Horizon是OpenStack的Web管理界面。 首先,我们需要安装Horizon的包: sudo apt-get install openstack-dashboard 然后,我们需要配置Horizon的服务端口: sudo vi /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings.py ... OPENSTACK_HOST = "controller" ... OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = "user" ... CACHES = { 'default': { 'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache', 'LOCATION': 'controller:11211', } } ... OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS = { "identity": 3, "image": 2, "volume": 2, "compute": 2, } 接下来,我们需要重启Apache服务使配置生效: sudo service apache2 restart 至此,OpenStack的安装和配置工作已经完成。您可以通过Web界面进一步管理和配置OpenStack环境。 总结: 在这篇文章中,我们详细介绍了如何使用OpenStack部署私有云。我们从安装环境开始,逐步介绍了安装和配置OpenStack的过程,包括Keystone、Nova、Glance、Neutron和Horizon。这个过程相对简单,只需要少量的命令和配置文件即可完成。通过这篇文章的学习,相信你已经对OpenStack的部署有了深入的了解。