搭建OpenStack云平台,让你的应用程序“飞”起来! 随着云计算技术的发展,越来越多的企业开始采用云平台来搭建自己的应用程序。OpenStack作为目前领先的开源云计算平台,已经被广泛应用于企业级云平台的搭建。本文将介绍如何搭建OpenStack云平台,让你的应用程序“飞”起来! 1. 环境准备 在开始搭建OpenStack之前,需要确认以下环境准备工作已经完成: - 确认服务器硬件资源充足,包括内存、磁盘、网络等; - 确认服务器操作系统为Ubuntu 18.04 LTS; - 确认服务器已经连接到互联网,并且能够访问外部网络; - 确认服务器已经安装了Python虚拟环境。 2. 安装OpenStack 2.1 安装必要的软件包 在开始安装OpenStack之前,需要安装必要的软件包。可以通过以下命令安装: ``` $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install -y chrony $ sudo apt-get install -y software-properties-common $ sudo add-apt-repository cloud-archive:stein $ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade $ sudo apt-get install -y python-openstackclient $ sudo apt-get install -y mariadb-server python-pymysql $ sudo apt-get install -y rabbitmq-server $ sudo apt-get install -y memcached python-memcache $ sudo apt-get install -y etcd $ sudo apt-get install -y keystone apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 ``` 2.2 创建数据库 在安装完必要的软件包之后,需要创建数据库。可以通过以下命令创建: ``` $ sudo mysql_secure_installation $ sudo mysql -u root -p mysql> CREATE DATABASE keystone; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS'; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS'; ``` 2.3 配置身份服务 在创建数据库之后,需要配置身份服务。可以通过以下命令配置: ``` $ sudo su -s /bin/bash keystone $ keystone-manage db_sync $ keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone $ keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone $ keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password ADMIN_PASS \ --bootstrap-admin-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \ --bootstrap-internal-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \ --bootstrap-public-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \ --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne ``` 2.4 配置glance服务 在配置完身份服务之后,需要配置glance服务。可以通过以下命令配置: ``` $ sudo mysql -u root -p mysql> CREATE DATABASE glance; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS'; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS'; $ sudo su -s /bin/bash glance $ export OS_USERNAME=admin $ export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS $ export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin $ export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default $ export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default $ export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3 $ export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 $ glance-manage db_sync $ openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glance $ openstack role add --project service --user glance admin $ openstack service create --name glance --description "OpenStack Image" image $ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image public http://controller:9292 $ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image internal http://controller:9292 $ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image admin http://controller:9292 ``` 2.5 配置nova服务 在配置完glance服务之后,需要配置nova服务。可以通过以下命令配置: ``` $ sudo mysql -u root -p mysql> CREATE DATABASE nova_api; mysql> CREATE DATABASE nova; mysql> CREATE DATABASE nova_cell0; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS'; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS'; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS'; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS'; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_cell0.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS'; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_cell0.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS'; $ sudo su -s /bin/bash nova $ export OS_USERNAME=admin $ export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS $ export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin $ export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default $ export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default $ export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3 $ export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 $ nova-manage api_db sync $ nova-manage cell_v2 map_cell0 $ nova-manage cell_v2 create_cell --name=cell1 --verbose $ nova-manage db sync $ openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt nova $ openstack role add --project service --user nova admin $ openstack service create --name nova --description "OpenStack Compute" compute $ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute public http://controller:8774/v2.1 $ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute internal http://controller:8774/v2.1 $ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute admin http://controller:8774/v2.1 ``` 2.6 配置neutron服务 在配置完nova服务之后,需要配置neutron服务。可以通过以下命令配置: ``` $ sudo mysql -u root -p mysql> CREATE DATABASE neutron; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NEUTRON_DBPASS'; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NEUTRON_DBPASS'; $ sudo su -s /bin/bash neutron $ export OS_USERNAME=admin $ export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS $ export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin $ export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default $ export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default $ export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3 $ export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 $ neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head $ openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt neutron $ openstack role add --project service --user neutron admin $ openstack service create --name neutron --description "OpenStack Networking" network $ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network public http://controller:9696 $ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network internal http://controller:9696 $ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network admin http://controller:9696 ``` 3. 验证OpenStack环境 在完成OpenStack的安装和配置之后,需要验证OpenStack环境是否正常运行。可以通过以下命令验证: ``` $ source admin-openrc $ openstack token issue ``` 如果输出了一个新的Token,即表示OpenStack环境已经搭建成功。 4. 使用OpenStack 在完成OpenStack的安装和配置之后,可以通过OpenStack Dashboard来管理云平台。可以通过以下命令启动OpenStack Dashboard: ``` $ sudo apt-get install -y openstack-dashboard $ sudo systemctl restart apache2 ``` 启动OpenStack Dashboard之后,可以通过浏览器访问http://controller/dashboard来管理云平台。 总结 本文介绍了如何搭建OpenStack云平台,包括环境准备、安装OpenStack、验证OpenStack环境和使用OpenStack。希望本文能够帮助广大开发者更好地应用OpenStack来搭建自己的应用程序,让应用程序“飞”起来!